What does maximum gross weight include?

Maximum gross weight is defined as the total weight that an aircraft is certified to safely carry during flight. This encompasses a complete range of components that contribute to the overall weight of the aircraft at takeoff. The correct choice reflects this comprehensive definition by including not only the weight of the aircraft itself, but also the weight of all passengers, baggage, cargo, and fuel.

Understanding maximum gross weight is critical for ensuring the aircraft operates within safe limits. Exceeding this weight can affect the aircraft's performance and safety, including its ability to take off, climb, and land efficiently. Additionally, if the aircraft is not loaded correctly, it could lead to issues with balance and stability.

The other choices do not cover all necessary components. For instance, limiting the weight to just the aircraft or only including the weight of passengers and baggage ignores the significant impact of fuel and cargo on overall performance and safety. The formulation of maximum gross weight as including every possible weight factor is essential for maintaining the integrity of flight operations.