What role does proper weight and balance play in aviation safety?

Proper weight and balance is crucial for aviation safety because it ensures that the aircraft remains within its operational limits. Every aircraft has specified weight limits, including maximum takeoff weight and center of gravity (CG) limits. When these limits are adhered to, the aircraft can be controlled effectively throughout all phases of flight, from takeoff to landing.

When an aircraft is loaded within the specified limits, it optimizes performance, stability, and maneuverability. If the weight is improperly distributed or exceeds the maximum limits, it can lead to adverse effects such as decreased climb performance, difficulty in controlling the aircraft, and even loss of control in extreme cases. Therefore, maintaining proper weight and balance not only enhances performance but is fundamentally critical to ensuring the safety and integrity of the flight operation.