What happens if an aircraft is over its Maximum Takeoff Weight?

When an aircraft exceeds its Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW), several performance issues arise that significantly affect its ability to operate safely. Overloading the aircraft compromises its climbing capability, leading to degraded performance during takeoff and climb phases. The added weight results in a longer takeoff distance required to achieve the necessary lift-off speed, which can delay the aircraft's ability to clear obstacles in its flight path.

Moreover, operating beyond the MTOW can stress the aircraft's structural components, leading to potential structural failure. This risk is particularly concerning in the event of severe maneuvers, turbulence, or other unexpected conditions during flight. Safe flight operations are designed within strict weight limitations, and exceeding these limits can endanger both the aircraft and its occupants.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the implications of exceeding the MTOW. Enhanced climbing ability and increased fuel or cargo capacity would not occur when an aircraft is overloaded; instead, the performance and safety parameters are negatively impacted.