What is the effect of an aft CG on aircraft stability?

An aft center of gravity (CG) generally reduces stability and can lead to control issues in aircraft. When the CG is positioned towards the rear of the aircraft, it can shift the center of lift and create a situation where the aircraft is less responsive to control inputs. This condition makes the aircraft more susceptible to pitch oscillations and can lead to difficulties in maintaining level flight, particularly during maneuvers or turbulence.

Stability in an aircraft refers to its ability to return to a level flight position after a disturbance. When the CG is too far aft, the restoring forces that help return the aircraft to stability diminish, making it more prone to uncommanded movements. This can compromise safety and control effectiveness, particularly in critical phases of flight like takeoff and landing.

Understanding the role of the center of gravity in relation to stability is crucial for pilots and aircraft operators to ensure safe and efficient flight operations.