What is the maximum allowable weight of an aircraft called?

The maximum allowable weight of an aircraft is referred to as Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW). This is a crucial specification for any aircraft as it defines the upper limit of weight at which the aircraft is permitted to take off. Exceeding this weight can result in compromised performance, impacting takeoff distance, climb rate, and overall safety.

MTOW takes into account not just the airframe and fuel, but also payload, which includes passengers, cargo, and any other items on board. This calculation ensures that the aircraft can operate effectively within its design limits, both during takeoff and throughout the flight, maintaining structural integrity and performance parameters as outlined by the manufacturer.

The other options pertain to different weight limits: Maximum Landing Weight (MLW) relates to the maximum weight at which the aircraft may safely land; Takeoff Weight (TOW) can refer to the weight of the aircraft at the point of takeoff, typically equal to MTOW unless fuel is burned; and Zero Fuel Weight (ZFW) is the maximum weight of the aircraft without fuel, important for weight and balance calculations. However, MTOW is the specific term that defines the maximum allowable weight for takeoff.