Which factors can affect the center of gravity (CG) during flight?

The correct response highlights the critical factors that directly influence the center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft during flight. The center of gravity is essentially the balance point of the aircraft, where all weight is considered to act.

Changes in fuel levels impact CG because as fuel is consumed, the total weight of the aircraft decreases, and the location of the remaining weight shifts. For example, if fuel is tanked from a wing tank, the CG can shift laterally and longitudinally, affecting the handling characteristics and stability of the aircraft.

Additionally, the distribution of passengers and cargo plays an important role in determining the CG. When passengers shift from one seat to another or when cargo is loaded or unloaded, it can change the weight distribution, thereby altering the CG position. This shift could result in the aircraft becoming tail-heavy or nose-heavy, which can negatively affect performance and safety.

In contrast, other factors listed such as weather conditions, aircraft color and design, or altitude and speed do not have a direct impact on the CG in the same manner. Weather can influence flying conditions but does not alter the weight distribution of the aircraft. Aircraft color and design affect aerodynamics but do not modify the CG. Similarly, while altitude and speed influence flying dynamics,